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(especially British)

  • 1 Protestants

       As long as the Portuguese Inquisition was active, few non-Catholics resided in the country. Any person discovered to be a Protestant—and possession of a Bible was a certain sign—could be arrested, jailed, and threatened with execution by the Inquisition, especially before 1760. After the extinction of the Inquisition by 1821, a few Protestant missions arrived during the 1840s and 1850s. Evangelical Christian missionaries became active, especially British Protestants who came to travel or reside in, as well as to distribute bibles to Portugal. These included the celebrated British writer, traveler, and missionary, George Borrow, whose book The Bible in Spain in the mid-19th century became a classic.
       Even after the Inquisition ceased operations, restrictions on non-Catholics remained. Despite the small number of initial converts, there were active denominations in the 19th century among the Plymouth Brethren, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and Anglicans. Some Protestant missions were founded in Portugal, as well as in her African colonies in the 1870s and 1880s. Among the legal restrictions against Protestants and other non-Catholics were those on building edifices that physically resembled churches, limits on property-owning and hours of worship, laws that prevented non-Catholic organizations from legal recognition by the government, discrimination against Protestant denominations with pacifist convictions, and discrimination against Protestants in conscription (the draft) selection. In the 1950s and 1960s, the middle to late years of the Estado Novo regime, small groups of Pentecostals, Mormons, and Jehovah's Witnesses settled in Portugal, and the numbers of their congregations grew more rapidly than those of earlier arrivals, but traditional restrictions against freedom of worship continued.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and the 1976 Constitution, such restrictions against Protestant worship and residence ended. Protestant churches were now recognized as legal entities with the right to assemble and to worship. During the period when military conscription was in force, that is, up to 2004, those Protestants who were conscientious objectors could apply for alternative military service. Protestant missionary activity, nevertheless, continued to experience resistance from the Catholic Church. In recent decades, there has been a rapid growth among the Protestant communities, although their expansion in Portugal does not equal the growth in Protestant numbers found in Brazil and Angola. By the early 1990s, the number of Protestants was estimated to be between 50,000 and 60,000 persons, but by 2008 this figure had more than doubled. The number still remained at only 2 percent of the population with religious affiliation.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Protestants

  • 2 torpe

    adj.
    1 clumsy (sin destreza, sin tacto).
    sus movimientos son torpes her movements are clumsy
    es muy torpe conduciendo he's a terrible driver
    2 slow, dim-witted (sin inteligencia).
    3 importunate.
    f. & m.
    clumsy person, blunderer, butterfingers, blunderhead.
    * * *
    1 (poco hábil) clumsy
    2 (de movimiento) slow, awkward
    3 (poco inteligente) dim, thick
    * * *
    adj.
    1) awkward, clumsy
    2) dull
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=poco ágil) [persona] clumsy; [movimiento] ungainly

    ¡qué torpe eres, ya me has vuelto a pisar! — you're so clumsy, you've trodden on my foot again!

    2) (=necio) dim, slow

    soy muy torpe para la informática — I'm very dim o slow when it comes to computers

    es bastante torpe y nunca entiende las lecciones — he's a bit dim o slow, he never understands the lessons

    3) (=sin tacto) clumsy

    ¡qué torpe soy! me temo que la he ofendido — how clumsy o stupid of me! I'm afraid I've offended her

    * * *
    a) ( en las acciones) clumsy; ( al andar) awkward

    un animal lerdo y torpe — a slow, ungainly animal

    b) ( de entendimiento) slow (colloq)
    c) ( sin tacto) <persona/comentario> clumsy
    * * *
    = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], gauche, dull, heavy-handed, gawky, ham-handed, ham-fisted, clotted, awkward.
    Ex. Such solutions after repeated application cause the catalog to become a clumsy, inefficient tool, and serve only to compound future problems.
    Ex. But influence of the gauche Aldine greek of the 1490s, and then of the superb reinterpretations of Garamont (1540s) and Granjon (1560s), was irresistible.
    Ex. Then there are those children made to think themselves failures because of the hammer-blow terms like dull, backward, retarded, underprivileged, disadvantaged, handicapped, less able, slow, rejected, remedial, reluctant, disturbed.
    Ex. The often heavy-handed paternalism of Soviet children's literature is being challenged and children are being entrusted with real situations and real problems rather than the idealistic, rose-coloured version of reality previously thought suitable for them.
    Ex. His zany humor, gawky production, and sexual exhibitionism have grown in this new film into a confident, ironic account of a world in which it pays to be rich and beautiful.
    Ex. The League of Nations was a comically ham-handed debacle which collapsed in complete failure, disgracing all who were associated with it.
    Ex. They must ponder how not only to prevent such tragedies in future, but also to avoid worsening them through ham-fisted intervention.
    Ex. Although he occasionally lapses into a sort of clotted prose, his book is a valuable study of McLuhan's cultural and geographical context.
    Ex. Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.
    ----
    * de una manera torpe = awkwardly, cumbrously.
    * ser torpe con las manos = be all thumbs.
    * ser torpe para + Infinitivo = be deficient in + Gerundio.
    * torpes, los = dull-witted, the.
    * * *
    a) ( en las acciones) clumsy; ( al andar) awkward

    un animal lerdo y torpe — a slow, ungainly animal

    b) ( de entendimiento) slow (colloq)
    c) ( sin tacto) <persona/comentario> clumsy
    * * *
    = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], gauche, dull, heavy-handed, gawky, ham-handed, ham-fisted, clotted, awkward.

    Ex: Such solutions after repeated application cause the catalog to become a clumsy, inefficient tool, and serve only to compound future problems.

    Ex: But influence of the gauche Aldine greek of the 1490s, and then of the superb reinterpretations of Garamont (1540s) and Granjon (1560s), was irresistible.
    Ex: Then there are those children made to think themselves failures because of the hammer-blow terms like dull, backward, retarded, underprivileged, disadvantaged, handicapped, less able, slow, rejected, remedial, reluctant, disturbed.
    Ex: The often heavy-handed paternalism of Soviet children's literature is being challenged and children are being entrusted with real situations and real problems rather than the idealistic, rose-coloured version of reality previously thought suitable for them.
    Ex: His zany humor, gawky production, and sexual exhibitionism have grown in this new film into a confident, ironic account of a world in which it pays to be rich and beautiful.
    Ex: The League of Nations was a comically ham-handed debacle which collapsed in complete failure, disgracing all who were associated with it.
    Ex: They must ponder how not only to prevent such tragedies in future, but also to avoid worsening them through ham-fisted intervention.
    Ex: Although he occasionally lapses into a sort of clotted prose, his book is a valuable study of McLuhan's cultural and geographical context.
    Ex: Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.
    * de una manera torpe = awkwardly, cumbrously.
    * ser torpe con las manos = be all thumbs.
    * ser torpe para + Infinitivo = be deficient in + Gerundio.
    * torpes, los = dull-witted, the.

    * * *
    1 (en las acciones) clumsy; (al andar) awkward
    la anciana andaba de manera torpe the old lady moved awkwardly
    un animal lerdo y torpe a slow, ungainly animal
    2 (de entendimiento) slow ( colloq), dim ( colloq)
    es torpe para las matemáticas he's very slow o dim at math(s)
    ¡qué torpe soy! I'm so stupid o slow o dim!
    3 (sin tacto) ‹persona/comentario› clumsy
    se disculpó de manera torpe she excused herself clumsily
    * * *

     

    torpe adjetivo

    b) ( de entendimiento) slow (colloq)

    c) ( sin tacto) ‹persona/comentario› clumsy;


    torpe adjetivo
    1 (poco habilidoso) clumsy
    2 (comentario, gesto) clumsy
    3 (en el andar, etc) slow, awkward
    4 (de entendimiento) soy un poco torpe para la física, I'm not very good at physics
    pey (como insulto) dim, dense, thick
    ' torpe' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calamidad
    - manta
    - ganso
    - inhábil
    - lerdo
    - sonado
    English:
    awkward
    - bumbling
    - clumsy
    - dense
    - gauche
    - heavy-handed
    - inept
    - laboured
    - oops!
    - slow
    - whoops
    - bungling
    - cumbersome
    - dull
    - heavy
    - klutz
    - labored
    - lumber
    * * *
    torpe adj
    1. [sin destreza] [persona] clumsy;
    [dedos, andares] clumsy, awkward;
    sus movimientos son torpes her movements are clumsy;
    escrito en torpes trazos infantiles written with clumsy childish handwriting;
    torpe con las manos [que rompe las cosas] esp Br ham-fisted, US ham-handed;
    [que deja caer las cosas] butter-fingered;
    con los años estoy torpe ya I'm getting clumsy as I get older;
    es muy torpe en dibujo he's not very good at drawing;
    es muy torpe Esp [m5] conduciendo o Am [m5] manejando he's a terrible driver
    2. [sin tacto] [gestos, palabras, comportamiento] clumsy
    3. [sin inteligencia] slow, dim-witted
    * * *
    adj clumsy; ( tonto) dense, dim
    * * *
    torpe adj
    1) desmañado: clumsy, awkward
    2) : stupid, dull
    ♦ torpemente adv
    * * *
    torpe adj
    1. (manazas) clumsy [comp. clumsier; superl. clumsiest]
    2. (lento) slow

    Spanish-English dictionary > torpe

  • 3 viaje

    m.
    1 journey, trip.
    ¡buen viaje! have a good journey o trip!
    fue un viaje agotador it was an exhausting journey
    estar/ir de viaje to be/go away (on a trip)
    hay once días de viaje it's an eleven-day journey
    en sus viajes al extranjero on his journeys o travels abroad
    los viajes de Colón the voyages of Columbus
    viajes espaciales space travel
    viaje de Estado state visit
    viaje de estudios class trip (en colegio, universidad)
    viaje de ida outward journey
    viaje marítimo sea voyage
    viaje de negocios business trip
    viaje de novios honeymoon
    viaje oficial official visit
    viaje organizado organized trip
    viaje de placer pleasure trip
    viaje relámpago lightning trip o visit
    viaje de vuelta return journey
    2 trip (recorrido).
    di varios viajes para trasladar los muebles it took me a good few trips to move all the furniture
    4 bang, bump (informal) (blow).
    5 acid trip, trip, drug-induced trip, freak-out on drug.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: viajar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) journey, trip
    2 (en coche) drive, journey
    5 (carga) load
    \
    ¡buen viaje! bon voyage!, have a good trip!
    estar de viaje to be away, be away on a trip
    irse de viaje / marcharse de viaje to go on a journey, go on a trip
    para este viaje no se necesitan alforjas familiar it was hardly worth bothering about
    el último viaje figurado one's journey's end
    libro de viajes travel book
    viaje de ida outward journey
    viaje de ida y vuelta return trip, US round trip
    viaje de negocios business trip
    viaje de novios honeymoon
    viaje en barco boat trip
    viaje en tren train journey
    ————————
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) journey, trip
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) (=desplazamiento) (gen) trip; (por mar, el espacio) voyage

    ¡buen viaje! — have a good trip!

    los viajes — (=actividad) travelling, traveling (EEUU), travel

    agencia de viajes — travel agent's, travel agency

    • estar de viaje — to be away

    • salir de viaje — to go away

    viaje de buena voluntad — goodwill trip, goodwill mission

    viaje de ida y vuelta, viaje redondo — (LAm) return trip, round trip

    viaje relámpago — lightning visit, flying visit

    2) (=trayecto) journey
    3) (=carga) load
    4) * [de droga] trip *
    5) ( esp Caribe) (=vez) time

    de un viaje — all in one go, at one blow

    6)
    VIAJE ¿"Journey", "voyage", "trip" o "travel"? ► Viaje se traduce por journey cuando se refiere a un viaje en particular, tanto por aire como por tierra: El viaje de Londres a Madrid dura unas dos horas The journey from London to Madrid takes about two hours ► Un largo viaje por mar se traduce por voyage: Muchos marineros murieron en el primer viaje de Colón a América Many sailors died on Columbus's first voyage to America ► Cuando viaje hace referencia no solo al trayecto de ida y vuelta, sino también a la estancia en un lugar, se suele traducir por t rip. Normalmente se trata de un viaje con un fin concreto o de un viaje corto: Fui a Alemania en viaje de negocios I went to Germany on a business trip ► Como sustantivo incontable, tra vel se utiliza solo en lugar de travelling para traducir la actividad de viajar; también, en muy contadas ocasiones, puede usarse en plural referido a viajes concretos: No le gusta nada viajar en barco He hates travelling by sea o He hates sea travel Colecciona recuerdos en sus viajes al extranjero He collects souvenirs on his travels abroad Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada II
    *
    SM (=tajada) slash (with a razor) ; (=golpe) bash *; (=puñalada) stab
    * * *
    1) ( a un lugar) trip, journey

    hizo el viaje en coche/bicicleta — he drove/cycled

    buen viaje! — have a good trip!, bon voyage!

    2) ( ida y venida) trip, journey (esp BrE)

    de un (solo) viaje — (Andes fam) in one go

    3) ( con drogas) trip (colloq)
    * * *
    = travel, trip, trek, voyage, journey, journeying, transit, ride.
    Ex. SIA in the United Kingdom covers information on travel and transport, economics in EEC countries, construction of nuclear power stations, and financial information.
    Ex. The approach may differ according to whether the person is preparing for a trip, settling a bet, beginning work on a 15-minute talk to a service club, or is undertaking to write a book on the subject.
    Ex. Standing in the early morning on the balcony of her apartment, she was smote as she always was by the grandeur of the sky turning to scarlet as the rim of darkness in the east released the sun for its sluggish trek through the heavens.
    Ex. Compound headings are quite widely used, eg Pilgrims and pilgrimages, Pilots and pilotage, voyages and travels.
    Ex. When at one stage of his journey Christian lost his roll, he was very distressed until he found it again.
    Ex. Sometimes of an evening, after my miserable journeyings through the day, I would stand for hours in the Strand, leaning against the shutters of a closed shop, and watching the compositors at work by gaslight on the opposite side of the way, upon a morning paper.
    Ex. This article calls attention to dangers of deterioration of photographs, caused by exhibition and transit.
    Ex. For the second part, the conference will move to island Mljet, less than a two-hour ride from Dubrovnik on a fast catamaran.
    ----
    * agencia de viajes = travel agency, travel agent.
    * agente de viajes = travel agent.
    * bolsa de viaje = travel grant, travel bursary, travelbag.
    * cheque de viaje = travellers' cheque.
    * compañero de viaje = fellow traveller.
    * compañía de viajes = travel company.
    * compartir el viaje en coche = car-pool [carpool].
    * diario de viajes = travel journal.
    * dieta de viaje = travel allowance.
    * documental sobre viajes = travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * duración del viaje = journey time.
    * empresa de viajes = travel company.
    * gastos de viaje = travelling expenses, travel expenses.
    * guía de viaje = travel brochure.
    * guía de viajes = travel guide.
    * información sobre viajes = travel information.
    * informe del viaje realizado = travel report.
    * ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.
    * libro de viajes = travel book, travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * literatura de viajes = travel literature.
    * narración sobre viajes = travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * programación del viaje = travel plan.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * relacionado con los viajes = travel-related.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel sector, the.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel industry, the.
    * seguro de viaje = travel insurance.
    * viaje al extranjero = foreign travel.
    * viaje a través del tiempo = time travel.
    * viaje cultural = cultural visit.
    * viaje de compras = shopping trip.
    * viaje de descubrimiento = voyage of discovery.
    * viaje de estudio = study trip.
    * viaje de ida = one-way ticket.
    * viaje del colegio = school trip.
    * viaje de novios = honeymoon.
    * viaje de vacaciones = holiday excursion, holiday trip.
    * viaje en autobús = bus ride, bus trip.
    * viaje en avión = air travel, air transportation.
    * viaje en bicicleta = bicycle ride.
    * viaje en coche compartido = car-pool [carpool].
    * viaje en el tiempo = time travel.
    * viaje en tren = train ride.
    * viaje espiritual = spiritual journey.
    * viaje organizado = package holiday, vacation package.
    * viaje por motivos académicos = study trip.
    * viajes = wanderings.
    * * *
    1) ( a un lugar) trip, journey

    hizo el viaje en coche/bicicleta — he drove/cycled

    buen viaje! — have a good trip!, bon voyage!

    2) ( ida y venida) trip, journey (esp BrE)

    de un (solo) viaje — (Andes fam) in one go

    3) ( con drogas) trip (colloq)
    * * *
    = travel, trip, trek, voyage, journey, journeying, transit, ride.

    Ex: SIA in the United Kingdom covers information on travel and transport, economics in EEC countries, construction of nuclear power stations, and financial information.

    Ex: The approach may differ according to whether the person is preparing for a trip, settling a bet, beginning work on a 15-minute talk to a service club, or is undertaking to write a book on the subject.
    Ex: Standing in the early morning on the balcony of her apartment, she was smote as she always was by the grandeur of the sky turning to scarlet as the rim of darkness in the east released the sun for its sluggish trek through the heavens.
    Ex: Compound headings are quite widely used, eg Pilgrims and pilgrimages, Pilots and pilotage, voyages and travels.
    Ex: When at one stage of his journey Christian lost his roll, he was very distressed until he found it again.
    Ex: Sometimes of an evening, after my miserable journeyings through the day, I would stand for hours in the Strand, leaning against the shutters of a closed shop, and watching the compositors at work by gaslight on the opposite side of the way, upon a morning paper.
    Ex: This article calls attention to dangers of deterioration of photographs, caused by exhibition and transit.
    Ex: For the second part, the conference will move to island Mljet, less than a two-hour ride from Dubrovnik on a fast catamaran.
    * agencia de viajes = travel agency, travel agent.
    * agente de viajes = travel agent.
    * bolsa de viaje = travel grant, travel bursary, travelbag.
    * cheque de viaje = travellers' cheque.
    * compañero de viaje = fellow traveller.
    * compañía de viajes = travel company.
    * compartir el viaje en coche = car-pool [carpool].
    * diario de viajes = travel journal.
    * dieta de viaje = travel allowance.
    * documental sobre viajes = travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * duración del viaje = journey time.
    * empresa de viajes = travel company.
    * gastos de viaje = travelling expenses, travel expenses.
    * guía de viaje = travel brochure.
    * guía de viajes = travel guide.
    * información sobre viajes = travel information.
    * informe del viaje realizado = travel report.
    * ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.
    * libro de viajes = travel book, travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * literatura de viajes = travel literature.
    * narración sobre viajes = travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * programación del viaje = travel plan.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * relacionado con los viajes = travel-related.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel sector, the.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel industry, the.
    * seguro de viaje = travel insurance.
    * viaje al extranjero = foreign travel.
    * viaje a través del tiempo = time travel.
    * viaje cultural = cultural visit.
    * viaje de compras = shopping trip.
    * viaje de descubrimiento = voyage of discovery.
    * viaje de estudio = study trip.
    * viaje de ida = one-way ticket.
    * viaje del colegio = school trip.
    * viaje de novios = honeymoon.
    * viaje de vacaciones = holiday excursion, holiday trip.
    * viaje en autobús = bus ride, bus trip.
    * viaje en avión = air travel, air transportation.
    * viaje en bicicleta = bicycle ride.
    * viaje en coche compartido = car-pool [carpool].
    * viaje en el tiempo = time travel.
    * viaje en tren = train ride.
    * viaje espiritual = spiritual journey.
    * viaje organizado = package holiday, vacation package.
    * viaje por motivos académicos = study trip.
    * viajes = wanderings.

    * * *
    A (a un lugar) trip, journey ( esp BrE)
    fuimos a la India, fue un viaje maravilloso we went to India, it was a wonderful trip
    hicimos un viaje por los pueblos del interior we did a tour of o we traveled around the villages inland
    el segundo viaje de Colón Columbus's second voyage
    el viaje en tren es agotador the train journey is exhausting
    en sus viajes por Sudamérica on her travels o journeys through South America
    hace frecuentes viajes al extranjero he makes frequent trips abroad
    los conocí en el viaje de vuelta I met them on the way back
    ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!, bon voyage!
    los viajes educan travel broadens the mind
    han salido or están de viaje they're away
    agarrar viaje ( RPl fam): si se lo planteás así capaz que agarra viaje if you put it like that she might go for it ( colloq)
    le pregunté si quería venir a cenar y enseguida agarró viaje I asked her if she wanted to come to dinner and she leapt at the chance o jumped at the offer
    Compuestos:
    shopping trip
    state visit
    study trip
    business trip
    honeymoon
    es un viaje de placer y no de negocios it's a vacation o ( BrE) holiday, not a business trip
    space flight
    official visit
    package tour
    ( Méx) round trip
    quick trip; (de trabajo) flying o lightning visit
    B (ida y venida) trip, journey ( esp BrE)
    tuve que hacer varios viajes para llevarlas todas I had to make several trips to take them all
    de un solo viaje ( Andes fam); in one go
    * * *

     

    Del verbo viajar: ( conjugate viajar)

    viajé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    viaje es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    viajar    
    viaje
    viajar ( conjugate viajar) verbo intransitivo
    to travel;

    viaje en primera clase to travel o go first class
    viaje sustantivo masculino
    trip, journey;
    hacer un viaje to go on a trip o journey;
    un viaje en tren a train journey;
    hizo el viaje en coche he drove;
    estar de viaje to be away;
    salir de viaje to go on a trip;
    en el viaje de vuelta on the way back;
    ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!;
    hicimos un viaje por todo Chile we traveled all around Chile;
    viaje de negocios business trip;
    viaje de novios honeymoon;
    viaje organizado package tour;
    hice varios viajes para llevarlas todas I made several trips to take them all
    viajar verbo intransitivo to travel: odia viajar, she hates travelling
    viaje sustantivo masculino journey, trip
    está de viaje, he's away
    hicieron un viaje por toda España, they travelled all around Spain
    se van de viaje, they are going on a trip
    viaje de novios, honeymoon
    viaje organizado, package tour
    Trip se refiere a todo el recorrido del viaje (movimiento y estancia), mientras que journey se refiere únicamente al movimiento de un sitio a otro. -Did you have a good trip?, -Yes, the journey there and the hotel were good but the journey back was awful.
    To travel es un verbo; también puede ser un sustantivo, pero, en este caso, es incontable y no se puede usar con un artículo. Suele referirse a hechos históricos o épicos (los viajes de Marco Polo, the travels of Marco Polo). También existe la palabra tour, que se aplica a viajes organizados.

    ' viaje' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abuelo
    - acusar
    - buen
    - cancelar
    - cheque
    - comprensible
    - costearse
    - crónica
    - crucero
    - desplazamiento
    - diaria
    - diario
    - efectuar
    - emprender
    - en
    - endosar
    - escapada
    - espacial
    - expositor
    - expositora
    - facilitar
    - feliz
    - funesta
    - funesto
    - gira
    - ida
    - itacate
    - jornada
    - pesada
    - pesado
    - pintar
    - posponer
    - preguntar
    - prolongar
    - recorrido
    - relámpago
    - renunciar
    - safari
    - salida
    - suspender
    - trayecto
    - vista
    - ya
    - accidentado
    - adelantar
    - ahorrar
    - anticipar
    - anulación
    - anular
    - aplazar
    English:
    adequately
    - allowance
    - booking
    - break
    - bring round
    - broken
    - business
    - cash
    - cheap
    - circuit
    - cover
    - cruise
    - disastrous
    - disenchanted
    - disrupt
    - exciting
    - expense
    - fellow
    - freshen up
    - grip
    - guide
    - hairy
    - high-speed
    - hinder
    - hinge on
    - holdall
    - inconvenient
    - intended
    - journey
    - load up
    - maiden
    - make
    - mishap
    - monotony
    - mull
    - on
    - outward
    - overnight
    - owing
    - package holiday
    - package tour
    - pass
    - predicament
    - pretence
    - pretense
    - rail
    - rest
    - resume
    - resumption
    - ride
    * * *
    viaje nm
    1. [en general] journey, trip;
    [en barco] voyage;
    ¡buen viaje! have a good journey o trip!;
    fue un viaje agotador it was an exhausting journey;
    hay once días de viaje it's an eleven-day journey;
    en sus viajes al extranjero on his journeys o travels abroad;
    los viajes de Colón the voyages of Columbus;
    estar/ir de viaje to be away/to go away (on a trip)
    viaje astral astral projection;
    viaje de aventura adventure Br holiday o US vacation;
    viajes espaciales space travel;
    viaje de Estado state visit;
    viaje de estudios [en colegio, universidad] class trip;
    viaje de ida outward journey;
    viaje de ida y vuelta esp Br return journey o trip, US round trip;
    viaje marítimo sea voyage;
    viaje de negocios business trip;
    viaje de novios honeymoon;
    viaje oficial official visit;
    viaje organizado organized trip;
    viaje de placer pleasure trip;
    Méx viaje redondo esp Br return journey o trip, US round trip;
    viaje relámpago lightning trip o visit;
    viaje de vuelta return journey
    2. [recorrido] trip;
    hice varios viajes para trasladar los muebles it took me several trips to move the furniture;
    RP
    de un viaje [de una vez] in one go
    3. Fam [alucinación] trip
    4. Fam [golpe] bang, bump
    * * *
    m trip, journey;
    sus viajes por … his travels in …;
    irse o
    salir de viaje go away;
    estar de viaje be traveling o Br travelling;
    ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!;
    viaje con todo incluido all inclusive trip
    * * *
    viaje nm
    : trip, journey
    viaje de negocios: business trip
    * * *
    viaje n journey / trip
    ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!

    Spanish-English dictionary > viaje

  • 4 lata

    f.
    1 can.
    2 pain (informal). (peninsular Spanish)
    levantarse tan temprano es una lata getting up so early is a real pain
    ¡qué lata! what a pain!
    una lata de libro a dead boring book
    dar la lata a alguien to pester somebody
    3 tin can, lath, can.
    4 drag, nuisance, boring thing, tiresome thing.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: latir.
    * * *
    1 (hojalata) tin plate
    2 (envase) tin, can
    3 (fastidio) bore, drag
    \
    dar la lata familiar to annoy, be a nuisance (a, to)
    en lata canned, tinned
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) can
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=envase) [de comida] tin, can; [de bebida] can

    sardinas en lata — tinned sardines, canned sardines

    un cuatro latas — * (=coche viejo) an old banger *; (=Renault 4L) Renault 4L

    2) (=metal) tinplate
    3) And (=comida) food, daily ration
    4) * (=molestia) nuisance, pain *, drag *

    es una lata tener que... — it's a nuisance o pain * o drag * having to...

    ¡qué lata!, ¡vaya (una) lata! — what a nuisance! o drag! * o pain! *

    dar la lata — to be a nuisance, be a pain *

    dar la lata a algn — to pester sb, go on at sb *

    dar lata — And, CAm * (=parlotear) to babble on; And * (=insistir) to nag, go on

    5) (=censura)

    dar lata a algn — Caribe to condemn sb, censure sb

    6) (=madera) lath
    7) ** (=dinero) dough **
    - estar en las latas
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( hojalata) tin
    b) ( envase) can, tin (BrE)

    sardinas en lata — canned o tinned sardines

    c) (para galletas, etc) tin
    2) (fam) ( pesadez) nuisance, pain (colloq)

    dar (la) lata — (fam) to be a nuisance

    deja ya de darme lata! — stop bugging o pestering me! (colloq)

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( hojalata) tin
    b) ( envase) can, tin (BrE)

    sardinas en lata — canned o tinned sardines

    c) (para galletas, etc) tin
    2) (fam) ( pesadez) nuisance, pain (colloq)

    dar (la) lata — (fam) to be a nuisance

    deja ya de darme lata! — stop bugging o pestering me! (colloq)

    * * *
    lata1
    1 = can, tin.

    Ex: The copy was grubby from use, a paperback with a photographically realistic full-color painting on its cover of an early teenage boy slumped in what looked to me like a corner of a very dirty back alley, a can of Coke in his hand.

    Ex: Thousands of tins of putrefying and poisonous meat were seized from this firm.
    * atún en lata = tinned tuna.
    * cerveza de lata = canned beer.
    * conservas en lata = tinned goods.
    * en lata = canned, tinned.
    * lata abrefácil de anilla = ring pull can.
    * lata de aire comprimido = compressed air can.
    * lata de atún = tin of tuna.
    * lata de bebida = beverage can.
    * lata de cerveza = beer can.
    * sopa en lata = tinned soup, canned soup.

    lata2
    = tin.

    Ex: The cataloguing of Napoleonic miniatures (model soldiers made of tin or pewter) is used to demonstrate the feasibility of extending AACR2 to the realm of museums.

    lata3
    3 = drag.

    Ex: Some of the obstacles are unrealistic, unrealizable local ambitions, organizational drag, competition among libraries, and lack of innovation space = Algunos de los obstáculos son las ambiciones locales poco realistas e irrealizables, el lastre institucional, la competencia entre las bibliotecas y la falta de espacio para la innovación.

    * dar la lata = nag (at), play up.

    * * *
    A
    vivían en una casa de lata they lived in a tin shack
    2 (envase) can, tin ( BrE)
    una lata de cerveza a can of beer
    una lata de aceite para el coche a can of oil for the car
    los tomates son de lata the tomatoes are out of a can o tin, the tomatoes are canned o tinned
    sardinas en lata canned o tinned sardines
    3 (para galletas, etc) tin
    Compuesto:
    ( Andes) baking sheet, baking tray ( BrE)
    B ( fam) (pesadez) bore, nuisance, pain ( colloq)
    ¡qué lata! or ¡vaya una lata! what a pain o bore o nuisance!
    ¡qué lata de chico, siempre con lo mismo! this boy's such a bore o pain (in the neck), always the same old story ( colloq)
    dar la lata ( fam); to be a nuisance
    deja ya de dar la lata stop being such a nuisance o ( colloq) pain
    estos niños no hacen más que dar la lata these children are nothing but trouble
    ¡deja ya de darme la lata! stop bugging o pestering me! ( colloq)
    me da lata levantarme temprano ( Chi); it's a real drag o bore having to get up early
    C ( Col fam) (comida) chow ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo latir: ( conjugate latir)

    lata es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    lata    
    latir
    lata sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) ( envase) can, tin (BrE);

    ◊ sardinas en lata canned o tinned sardines

    c) (para galletas, etc) tin

    2 (fam) ( pesadez) nuisance, pain (colloq);
    ◊ ¡qué lata! what a nuisance!;

    dar (la) lata (fam) to be a nuisance;
    ¡deja ya de darme lata! stop bugging o pestering me! (colloq)
    latir ( conjugate latir) verbo intransitivo
    1 [ corazón] to beat;
    [ vena] to pulsate;
    [herida/sien] to throb
    2
    a) (Chi, Méx fam) ( parecer) (+ me/te/le etc):

    ◊ me late que no vendrá I have a feeling o something tells me he isn't going to come

    b) (Méx fam) (parecer bien, gustar) (+ me/te/le etc):

    ◊ ¿te late ir al cine? do you feel like going to the movies?

    lata sustantivo femenino
    1 (bote) tin, US can
    2 familiar nuisance, pain (in the neck)
    ♦ Locuciones: dar la lata, to be a pain
    ¡qué lata!, what a bore!
    En general se traduce por can, especialmente cuando se trata de bebidas. En los demás casos, en EE.UU. se emplea la palabra can y en el Reino Unido la palabra tin.
    latir verbo intransitivo to beat
    ' lata' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abrefácil
    - bote
    - enlatada
    - enlatado
    - envasar
    - envasada
    - envasado
    - fastidio
    - guerra
    - martirio
    - pestiño
    - sardina
    - anilla
    - envase
    - rollo
    English:
    bind
    - bore
    - bother
    - can
    - drag
    - nag
    - nuisance
    - pain
    - pest
    - pester
    - play up
    - pop-top
    - tin
    - tinny
    - cake
    - canister
    - canned
    - chore
    - down
    - tinned
    * * *
    lata nf
    1. [envase] can, Br tin;
    [de bebidas] can;
    una lata de sardinas a can of sardines;
    los garbanzos son de lata the chickpeas are out of a can;
    en lata canned, esp Br tinned
    2. [hojalata] tin plate;
    un juguete hecho de lata a toy made of tin
    3. Fam [fastidio] drag;
    una lata de libro a dead boring book;
    levantarse tan temprano es una lata getting up so early is a real pain o drag;
    ¡qué lata! what a pain o drag!;
    dar la lata a alguien to pester sb;
    ¡deja ya de dar la lata! stop going on and on!, give it a rest!
    4. Ven Fam [beso] French kiss
    * * *
    f
    1 can, Br tb
    tin
    nuisance, drag fam, pain fam ;
    dar la lata fam be a nuisance o
    a drag fam o
    a pain fam ;
    ¡qué lata! what a nuisance o a drag fam o
    a pain fam
    !;
    es una lata it’s a nuisance o a drag fam o
    a pain fam
    * * *
    lata nf
    1) : tinplate
    2) : tin can
    3) fam : pest, bother, nuisance
    4)
    dar lata fam : to bother, to annoy
    * * *
    lata n
    1. (de alimento, pintura) tin / can
    3. (rollo) pain

    Spanish-English dictionary > lata

  • 5 다랑어

    n. tunny, tuna (especially British)

    Korean-English dictionary > 다랑어

  • 6 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

  • 7 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 8 Foreign policy

       The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.
       As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.
       Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."
       During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.
       During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.
       Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Foreign policy

  • 9 flema

    f.
    phlegm.
    * * *
    1 phlegm
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Med) phlegm
    2) (=impasibilidad) phlegm
    * * *
    femenino phlegm
    * * *
    = phlegm, mucus, stiff upper lip.
    Ex. Three days later, she started to cough up phlegm and spit blood.
    Ex. Post mortem examination revealed accumulation of thick mucus in the oral cavity and trachea.
    Ex. The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.
    * * *
    femenino phlegm
    * * *
    = phlegm, mucus, stiff upper lip.

    Ex: Three days later, she started to cough up phlegm and spit blood.

    Ex: Post mortem examination revealed accumulation of thick mucus in the oral cavity and trachea.
    Ex: The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.

    * * *
    1 ( Med) phlegm
    2 (calma) phlegm, composure
    * * *

    flema sustantivo femenino
    phlegm
    flema sustantivo femenino
    1 (mucosidad) phlegm
    2 (impasibilidad, tranquilidad) calmness, coolness: a pesar de su flema británica, perdió los estribos, she lost her temper in spite of her usual British composure
    ' flema' also found in these entries:
    English:
    phlegm
    - phlegmatically
    * * *
    flema nf
    1. [en los bronquios] phlegm
    2. [calma] composure, phlegm;
    la flema británica British phlegm o sangfroid
    * * *
    phlegm
    * * *
    flema nf
    : phlegm

    Spanish-English dictionary > flema

  • 10 a propósito

    adj.
    to the point, pertinent, to the purpose.
    adv.
    on purpose, by design, intentionally, by choice.
    intj.
    by the way, BTW, come to it, by the by.
    * * *
    (por cierto) by the way 2 (adrede) on purpose
    * * *
    2) on purpose, intentionally
    * * *
    = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly
    Ex. Deliberate mnemonics are devices which help the user to remember and recall the notation for given subjects.
    Ex. For the record, schools and libraries in the late 1960s recovered in excess of $10,000,000 from publishers and wholesalers as a result of unfair practices highlighted by Mr. Scilken.
    Ex. Incidentally, this book was about the invasion of Denmark.
    Ex. In the cases where there was no match, we intentionally created a dirty authority file.
    Ex. It is not wise, by the way, to approach the author by telephone for this puts him on the spot and he may refuse simply in self-defense and especially if you happen to butt in when he is struggling with an obstinate chapter in a new book.
    Ex. She also indicated in passing that in future authors would not automatically pass over the copyright of research results in papers to publishers.
    Ex. Anecdotally, it is often assumed that users preferring print are among the most senior in academic rank and/or years.
    Ex. I have purposely refrained from discussing the theory of comparative librarianship which has up to now characterized much of the writing on the subject.
    Ex. The victims had been herded onto a wooden landing craft by the captain of a Honduras-registered ship who then proceeded, by accident or design, to ram the craft, killing the majority of people aboard.
    Ex. Most consumers felt confident that once a letter is written and posted, no one will read it either accidently or on purpose except for the intended addressee.
    Ex. But we are not then acting quite so much out of blindness or inarticulateness; we are selfishly or fearfully or wilfully trying to short-circuit what we know underneath to be more nearly the true state of things.
    Ex. On a sidenote, this book almost didn't happen when the author showed her editor her proposal.
    Ex. Previous economic historians have, by and large, studiously ignored the British slave trade.
    Ex. That, I may say by way of a digression, has never been my main objection to socialism.
    Ex. Zenobia, by-the-by, as I suppose you know, is merely her public name.
    Ex. Speaking of which, Chertoff recently lifted restrictions that have confined airline passengers to their seats for a half hour after taking off and before landing.
    Ex. In respect of those defects, the seller may be held liable where he has designedly concealed their existence from the purchaser.
    * * *
    = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly

    Ex: Deliberate mnemonics are devices which help the user to remember and recall the notation for given subjects.

    Ex: For the record, schools and libraries in the late 1960s recovered in excess of $10,000,000 from publishers and wholesalers as a result of unfair practices highlighted by Mr. Scilken.
    Ex: Incidentally, this book was about the invasion of Denmark.
    Ex: In the cases where there was no match, we intentionally created a dirty authority file.
    Ex: It is not wise, by the way, to approach the author by telephone for this puts him on the spot and he may refuse simply in self-defense and especially if you happen to butt in when he is struggling with an obstinate chapter in a new book.
    Ex: She also indicated in passing that in future authors would not automatically pass over the copyright of research results in papers to publishers.
    Ex: Anecdotally, it is often assumed that users preferring print are among the most senior in academic rank and/or years.
    Ex: I have purposely refrained from discussing the theory of comparative librarianship which has up to now characterized much of the writing on the subject.
    Ex: The victims had been herded onto a wooden landing craft by the captain of a Honduras-registered ship who then proceeded, by accident or design, to ram the craft, killing the majority of people aboard.
    Ex: Most consumers felt confident that once a letter is written and posted, no one will read it either accidently or on purpose except for the intended addressee.
    Ex: But we are not then acting quite so much out of blindness or inarticulateness; we are selfishly or fearfully or wilfully trying to short-circuit what we know underneath to be more nearly the true state of things.
    Ex: On a sidenote, this book almost didn't happen when the author showed her editor her proposal.
    Ex: Previous economic historians have, by and large, studiously ignored the British slave trade.
    Ex: That, I may say by way of a digression, has never been my main objection to socialism.
    Ex: Zenobia, by-the-by, as I suppose you know, is merely her public name.
    Ex: Speaking of which, Chertoff recently lifted restrictions that have confined airline passengers to their seats for a half hour after taking off and before landing.
    Ex: In respect of those defects, the seller may be held liable where he has designedly concealed their existence from the purchaser.

    Spanish-English dictionary > a propósito

  • 11 carretera

    f.
    road.
    carretera comarcal minor road
    * * *
    1 road
    \
    carretera nacional A road, main road
    carretera de acceso approach road
    * * *
    noun f.
    road, highway
    * * *
    SF road, highway ( esp EEUU)

    la carretera entre Barcelona y Sitges — the Barcelona-Sitges road, the road between Barcelona and Sitges

    • de carretera, bar de carretera — roadside bar

    accidente de carretera — road accident, traffic accident

    • por carretera, un viaje por carretera — a road journey, a journey by road

    carretera comarcal — local road, ≈ B road

    carretera de circunvalación — bypass, ring road, beltway (EEUU)

    carretera de cuota — Méx toll road

    carretera nacional — ≈ A road, ≈ state highway (EEUU)

    * * *
    femenino road
    * * *
    = highway, road, lane, thoroughfare, roadway, carriageway.
    Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.
    Ex. Use of Woolston Library has declined slightly: the area is isolated by the River Itchen, a busy main road, and a natural escarpment.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'Changing lanes on the information superhighway: academic libraries and the Internet'.
    Ex. Information kiosks are located in public thoroughfares, shopping malls, airports and railway stations.
    Ex. As Klaus's acute observations are unhampered by romantic ideals, his eye catches the plastic trash by the roadway as well as the colors of moss on the landing strip.
    Ex. Otherwise, national speed limit on carriageways with no centre reservation is 60mph.
    ----
    * accidente de carretera = road accident.
    * accidente mortal de carretera = fatal road accident.
    * al borde de la carretera = at the roadside.
    * animal víctima de la carretera = road kill [roadkill].
    * arreglo en carretera = roadside repairs.
    * auxilio en carretera = roadside assistance.
    * borde de la carretera = roadside.
    * borde de la carretera ajardinado = parkway strip.
    * camión que esparce sal en las carreteras = gritter.
    * carretera de circunvalación = bypass, ring road.
    * carretera de doble calzada = dual carriageway.
    * carretera de doble carril = dual carriageway.
    * carretera elevada = causeway.
    * carretera principal = major road.
    * carretera rural = country road.
    * carretera secundaria = minor road, back road.
    * circulación por carretera = road traffic.
    * construcción de carreteras = road construction.
    * control de carretera = road check, roadside check, roadblock.
    * cruzar la carretera por un sitio no autorizado = jaywalking, jaywalk.
    * despejar la carretera = clear + route.
    * estado de las carreteras = traffic report, road conditions.
    * informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.
    * mapa de carreteras = road map [roadmap].
    * margen de la carretera = roadside verge.
    * mediana de la carretera = road median, centre reservation, median, median strip.
    * parapeto de la carretera = road bank.
    * persona que cruza la carretera por un sitio no autorizado = jaywalker.
    * red arterial de carreteras = road network.
    * red de carreteras = road network.
    * reparación en carretera = roadside repairs.
    * salirse de la carretera = go off + the road.
    * seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.
    * señal de carretera = road sign.
    * señalización de carreteras = road signage.
    * transporte por carretera = road transport, road haulage.
    * víctima de la carretera = road casualty.
    * * *
    femenino road
    * * *
    = highway, road, lane, thoroughfare, roadway, carriageway.

    Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

    Ex: Use of Woolston Library has declined slightly: the area is isolated by the River Itchen, a busy main road, and a natural escarpment.
    Ex: The title of the article is 'Changing lanes on the information superhighway: academic libraries and the Internet'.
    Ex: Information kiosks are located in public thoroughfares, shopping malls, airports and railway stations.
    Ex: As Klaus's acute observations are unhampered by romantic ideals, his eye catches the plastic trash by the roadway as well as the colors of moss on the landing strip.
    Ex: Otherwise, national speed limit on carriageways with no centre reservation is 60mph.
    * accidente de carretera = road accident.
    * accidente mortal de carretera = fatal road accident.
    * al borde de la carretera = at the roadside.
    * animal víctima de la carretera = road kill [roadkill].
    * arreglo en carretera = roadside repairs.
    * auxilio en carretera = roadside assistance.
    * borde de la carretera = roadside.
    * borde de la carretera ajardinado = parkway strip.
    * camión que esparce sal en las carreteras = gritter.
    * carretera de circunvalación = bypass, ring road.
    * carretera de doble calzada = dual carriageway.
    * carretera de doble carril = dual carriageway.
    * carretera elevada = causeway.
    * carretera principal = major road.
    * carretera rural = country road.
    * carretera secundaria = minor road, back road.
    * circulación por carretera = road traffic.
    * construcción de carreteras = road construction.
    * control de carretera = road check, roadside check, roadblock.
    * cruzar la carretera por un sitio no autorizado = jaywalking, jaywalk.
    * despejar la carretera = clear + route.
    * estado de las carreteras = traffic report, road conditions.
    * informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.
    * mapa de carreteras = road map [roadmap].
    * margen de la carretera = roadside verge.
    * mediana de la carretera = road median, centre reservation, median, median strip.
    * parapeto de la carretera = road bank.
    * persona que cruza la carretera por un sitio no autorizado = jaywalker.
    * red arterial de carreteras = road network.
    * red de carreteras = road network.
    * reparación en carretera = roadside repairs.
    * salirse de la carretera = go off + the road.
    * seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.
    * señal de carretera = road sign.
    * señalización de carreteras = road signage.
    * transporte por carretera = road transport, road haulage.
    * víctima de la carretera = road casualty.

    * * *
    road
    carretera de acceso access road
    la carretera de Burgos the Burgos road
    fuimos por carretera we went by road
    Compuestos:
    secondary road, ≈ B-road ( in UK)
    bypass, beltway ( AmE), ring road ( BrE)
    divided highway ( AmE), dual carriageway ( BrE)
    main road
    ≈ highway ( in US), ≈ A-road ( in UK)
    * * *

     

    carretera sustantivo femenino
    road;

    carretera nacional ≈ highway ( in US), ≈ A-road ( in UK)
    carretera sustantivo femenino road
    carretera comarcal/nacional, GB B/A road

    ' carretera' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - arcén
    - arteria
    - bache
    - bifurcación
    - caída
    - caído
    - caravana
    - cerrarse
    - cortada
    - cortado
    - ctra.
    - cuota
    - curva
    - desembocar
    - desviación
    - dominguera
    - dominguero
    - esquivar
    - estrechamiento
    - firme
    - ir
    - impracticable
    - mitad
    - mojón
    - moribunda
    - moribundo
    - obra
    - pavimento
    - recta
    - ronda
    - rótulo
    - señalizar
    - serpentear
    - suelo
    - tomar
    - tortuosa
    - tortuosidad
    - tortuoso
    - transitada
    - transitado
    - trazado
    - abrir
    - ampliación
    - ampliar
    - ancho
    - aparcamiento
    - asistencia
    - atravesado
    - auxilio
    English:
    access road
    - accident
    - B road
    - bend
    - blowout
    - branch
    - bump
    - bumpy
    - by-road
    - bypass
    - clear
    - climb
    - corner
    - course
    - curve
    - dip
    - directly
    - dirt road
    - ditch
    - diversion
    - divide
    - embankment
    - extend
    - fork
    - from
    - go
    - grip
    - high road
    - highway
    - hole
    - impassable
    - join
    - lead
    - lead off from
    - lighten
    - line
    - loop
    - main
    - maintain
    - minor
    - motel
    - narrow
    - other
    - pothole
    - pull off
    - ramp
    - road
    - roadblock
    - roadside
    - route
    * * *
    road;
    por carretera by road;
    carretera de circunvalación Br ring road, US beltway;
    carretera comarcal minor road;
    carretera costera coast road;
    Méx carretera de cuota toll road;
    carretera general main road;
    carretera litoral coast road;
    carretera nacional Br ≈ A road, US ≈ state highway;
    carretera de peaje toll road;
    carretera secundaria minor road, side road;
    carretera troncal Br trunk road, US highway
    * * *
    f highway, (main) road
    * * *
    : highway, road
    carretera de peaje: turnpike
    * * *
    carretera n road

    Spanish-English dictionary > carretera

  • 12 comercio

    m.
    1 trade.
    libre comercio free trade
    comercio exterior/interior foreign/domestic trade
    comercio justo fair trade
    2 shop, store (tienda).
    3 shops (British), stores (United States).
    4 commerce, trade, dealing, business.
    5 commercial institution, business, business establishment, commerce.
    6 place of business, shop.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: comerciar.
    * * *
    1 (ocupación) commerce, trade
    2 (tienda) shop, store
    3 figurado (trato sexual) dealings plural, intercourse
    \
    comercio al por mayor wholesale trade
    comercio al por menor retail trade
    comercio exterior foreign trade
    libre comercio free trade
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) commerce, trade
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=actividad) trade, commerce

    comercio E, comercio electrónico — e-commerce

    comercio justo — (Com) fair trade

    cámara 1., 3)
    2) (=tienda) shop, store (EEUU)

    ¿a qué hora cierran hoy los comercios? — what time do the shops o stores close today?

    ha comenzado la huelga del comercio — the shopkeepers' o (EEUU) storekeepers' strike has started

    3) (=intercambio)
    * * *
    a) ( actividad) trade

    el comercio de armas/pieles — the arms/fur trade

    b) ( tiendas)

    hoy cierra el comercio — the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

    c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)
    * * *
    = business [businesses, -pl.], commerce, shop, store, trade, trading, retailer, commercial outlet, merchandising, trafficking, traffic, parlour [parlor, -USA].
    Ex. The treatise arose from Kaiser's work in indexing information relating to business and industry.
    Ex. Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.
    Ex. In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.
    Ex. The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.
    Ex. Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.
    Ex. The detailed analysis of the figures of turnover for 1979 give only a cross-sectional analysis of one year's trading.
    Ex. Nowadays there is a clear three-part division of the book trade into publishers, wholesalers, printers, and retailers, but in the hand-press period the functions of book traders overlapped to a much greater extent.
    Ex. People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.
    Ex. Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.
    Ex. The author calls for state and federal laws to make the trafficking in fraudulently obtained subscriber IDs and Passwords.
    Ex. She wrote for the daily press on the manners and morals of society, on the plight of London's working women and children, and on the international traffic in women.
    Ex. This article focuses especially on cultural practices that encourage reading in social settings, including the school, Sunday school, public library, and domestic parlour.
    ----
    * Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
    * cadena de comercios = retail chain.
    * cajero de comercio = checkout cashier.
    * cámara de comercio = chamber of commerce.
    * comercio agrícola = agribusiness.
    * comercio de armas = arms trade.
    * comercio de drogas = drug trade.
    * comercio de esclavos = slave trade.
    * comercio de la música = music trade.
    * comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].
    * comercio del libro, el = book business, the.
    * comercio de pieles = fur trade.
    * comercio electrónico = electronic commerce (e-commerce), electronic business (e-business), online business.
    * comercio en línea = online business.
    * comercio exterior = foreign trade.
    * comercio internacional = world trade, international trade, international business.
    * comercio justo = fair trade.
    * comercio sexual = sex trade.
    * Comisión Federal de Comercio = Federal Trade Commission.
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * directivo del comercio minorista = retail executive.
    * EFTA, la (Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).
    * libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.
    * Ministerio de Comercio = Department of Trade.
    * Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.
    * mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.
    * Oficina para el Mejor Comercio = Better Business Bureau.
    * Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).
    * paso del comercio = flow of commerce.
    * * *
    a) ( actividad) trade

    el comercio de armas/pieles — the arms/fur trade

    b) ( tiendas)

    hoy cierra el comercio — the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

    c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)
    * * *
    = business [businesses, -pl.], commerce, shop, store, trade, trading, retailer, commercial outlet, merchandising, trafficking, traffic, parlour [parlor, -USA].

    Ex: The treatise arose from Kaiser's work in indexing information relating to business and industry.

    Ex: Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.
    Ex: In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.
    Ex: The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.
    Ex: Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.
    Ex: The detailed analysis of the figures of turnover for 1979 give only a cross-sectional analysis of one year's trading.
    Ex: Nowadays there is a clear three-part division of the book trade into publishers, wholesalers, printers, and retailers, but in the hand-press period the functions of book traders overlapped to a much greater extent.
    Ex: People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.
    Ex: Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.
    Ex: The author calls for state and federal laws to make the trafficking in fraudulently obtained subscriber IDs and Passwords.
    Ex: She wrote for the daily press on the manners and morals of society, on the plight of London's working women and children, and on the international traffic in women.
    Ex: This article focuses especially on cultural practices that encourage reading in social settings, including the school, Sunday school, public library, and domestic parlour.
    * Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
    * cadena de comercios = retail chain.
    * cajero de comercio = checkout cashier.
    * cámara de comercio = chamber of commerce.
    * comercio agrícola = agribusiness.
    * comercio de armas = arms trade.
    * comercio de drogas = drug trade.
    * comercio de esclavos = slave trade.
    * comercio de la música = music trade.
    * comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].
    * comercio del libro, el = book business, the.
    * comercio de pieles = fur trade.
    * comercio electrónico = electronic commerce (e-commerce), electronic business (e-business), online business.
    * comercio en línea = online business.
    * comercio exterior = foreign trade.
    * comercio internacional = world trade, international trade, international business.
    * comercio justo = fair trade.
    * comercio sexual = sex trade.
    * Comisión Federal de Comercio = Federal Trade Commission.
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * directivo del comercio minorista = retail executive.
    * EFTA, la (Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).
    * libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.
    * Ministerio de Comercio = Department of Trade.
    * Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.
    * mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.
    * Oficina para el Mejor Comercio = Better Business Bureau.
    * Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).
    * paso del comercio = flow of commerce.

    * * *
    1 (actividad) trade
    durante este período se desarrolló el comercio entre los dos países during this period trade between the two countries developed
    el mundo del comercio the world of commerce, the business world
    el comercio de armas/pieles the arms/fur trade
    libre1 (↑ libre (1))
    2
    (conjunto de establecimientos): hoy cierra el comercio the stores ( AmE) o ( BrE) shops are closed today
    el comercio no secundó la huelga the storekeepers ( AmE) o ( BrE) shopkeepers did not support the strike
    3 (tienda) store ( AmE), shop ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    sexual intercourse
    e-commerce
    foreign trade
    domestic trade
    ( Econ) fair trade
    * * *

     

    Del verbo comerciar: ( conjugate comerciar)

    comercio es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    comerció es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    comerciar    
    comercio
    comerciar ( conjugate comerciar) verbo intransitivo
    to trade, do business;
    comercio en algo to trade o deal in sth
    comercio sustantivo masculino


    el mundo del comercio the world of commerce
    b) ( tiendas):

    ◊ hoy cierra el comercio the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

    c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)

    comerciar verbo intransitivo to trade: comercian con antigüedades, they trade in antiques
    comercio sustantivo masculino
    1 (establecimiento) shop
    2 (relación) commerce, trade
    comercio exterior, foreign trade
    comercio interior, domestic trade
    ' comercio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cámara
    - cambiar
    - interior
    - libertad
    - local
    - minorista
    - mostrador
    - mundial
    - recaudación
    - red
    - rótulo
    - abierto
    - abrir
    - cerrar
    - cuenta
    - exterior
    - falluca
    - impulsar
    - impulso
    - liberalizar
    - libre
    - marítimo
    - propietario
    - subdirector
    - sucursal
    English:
    arm's length
    - brisk
    - business
    - Chamber of Commerce
    - commerce
    - develop
    - development
    - DTI
    - embargo
    - export
    - free trade
    - FTC
    - overseas
    - promote
    - promotion
    - slave-trade
    - trade
    - trading
    - trading nation
    - wholesale trade
    - chamber
    - e-commerce
    - free
    - good
    - shop
    * * *
    1. [de productos] trade;
    comercio de aceite/esclavos oil/slave trade;
    libre comercio free trade
    Informát comercio electrónico e-commerce;
    comercio exterior foreign trade;
    comercio interior domestic trade;
    comercio internacional international trade;
    comercio justo fair trade
    2. [actividad] business, commerce
    comercio mayorista wholesale trade;
    comercio minorista retail trade
    3. [tienda] shop, store
    comercio on-line o en línea on-line shop
    4. [conjunto de tiendas] Br shops, US stores;
    el comercio cierra mañana por ser festivo the Br shops o US stores are closed tomorrow because it's a holiday
    * * *
    m
    1 actividad trade; fig
    dealings pl ;
    libre comercio free trade
    2 local store, shop
    * * *
    1) : commerce, trade
    2) negocio: business, place of business
    * * *
    1. (negocio) trade
    2. (tienda) shop

    Spanish-English dictionary > comercio

  • 13 diferencia

    f.
    1 difference.
    el problema de esa pareja es la diferencia de edad that couple's problem is the difference in their ages
    establecer o hacer una diferencia entre to make a distinction between
    el mejor/peor con diferencia by far the best/worst
    2 difference (desacuerdo).
    tuvieron sus diferencias they had their differences
    limar diferencias to settle one's differences
    3 difference.
    tendremos que pagar la diferencia we'll have to pay the difference
    diferencia horaria time difference
    diferencia salarial wage differential
    4 differendum, difference, dispute.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: diferenciar.
    * * *
    1 difference
    2 (de opinión) difference, disagreement
    \
    hacer diferencia entre to make a distinction between
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=distinción) difference

    • a diferencia de — unlike

    a diferencia de sus hermanas, ella es bajita — unlike her sisters, she's quite short

    • con diferencia — by far

    Rosa es, con diferencia, la más guapa — Rosa is by far the prettiest, Rosa is the prettiest by a long way

    diferencia salarial — (Com) wage differential, pay differential

    2) (=intervalo) difference, gap

    hay una diferencia de edad de diez años entre ellos — there's an age difference o age gap of ten years between them, there's ten years' difference in age between them

    3) (=desacuerdo)

    existen diferencias en el partido con respecto al aborto — there are differences of opinion within the party on the issue of abortion

    partir la diferencia — frm to split the difference

    4) (=resto) difference
    * * *
    1) ( disparidad) difference

    a diferencia del marido, ella es encantadora — unlike her husband, she's really charming

    con diferencia: es, con diferencia, la mejor — she's easily o by far the best

    2) ( desacuerdo) difference
    3) ( resto) difference
    * * *
    = difference, discrepancy, distinction, distinguishability, mismatch, gap, dissimilarity, point of difference, differential, fault line, disconnect, diff.
    Ex. Some concepts are described differently in different versions of one language.
    Ex. Reshelving by users could explain the discrepancy.
    Ex. Variations in the extent of the description between a set of entries account to a large extent for the distinction between main, added and unit entries.
    Ex. In this article, the notion of distinguishability is used to measure the degree to which two values of an attribute are dissimilar.
    Ex. The electron microscope is a clear case of extreme mismatch between the number of citations received and the impact of the instrument in a wide area of science.
    Ex. The gap between what private and public institutions charge means that private schools are at a big disadvantage in recruiting students.
    Ex. No significant study has investigated similarities and dissimilarities betwee these two types of reviewing journal.
    Ex. Some points of difference with Canadian practices, especially as regards staffing, are noted.
    Ex. The gap between people who have the resources to access digital information and those who do not have these resources, the so-called 'digital divide', includes a differential in information literacy skills = La diferencia entre la gente que dispone de los recursos para acceder a la información digital y los que no, denominada "brecha digital", supone también una diferencia en las destrezas relacionadas con la alfabetización informacional.
    Ex. These views underlie the fault line that divides British politics today.
    Ex. The disconnect is about how the two groups view each other.
    Ex. There are some diffs between the free version and the full version.
    ----
    * acortar las diferencias = close + the gap.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.
    * aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.
    * con diferencia = by far.
    * confundir las diferencias entre = blur + the boundaries between.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * contrato basado en las diferencias de género = gender contract.
    * con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.
    * desaparecer las diferencias = blur + distinctions, blur + the lines between, blur + the boundaries between.
    * desaparición de las diferencias = blurring of differences, blurring of roles, blurring of boundaries.
    * desaparición de las diferencias entre = blurring of distinctions between.
    * desdibujar las diferencias = blur + distinctions, blur + the boundaries between.
    * detectar una diferencia = detect + difference.
    * diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * diferencia cultural = cultural difference.
    * diferencia debida al género = gender gap.
    * diferencia debida al sexo = gender gap.
    * diferencia de género = gender difference.
    * diferencia de horario = time differences.
    * diferencia de opinión (sobre) = difference of opinion (on).
    * diferencia de precio = price differential.
    * diferencia de precios = price differentiation.
    * diferencia de retribución entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay gap.
    * diferencia de sexo = gender difference.
    * diferencia entre... y... es mínima = line between... and... is thin.
    * diferencia generacional = generation gap.
    * diferencia horaria = time differences.
    * diferencia lingüística = language difference.
    * diferencia lógica = logical difference.
    * diferencia salarial = pay inequality.
    * diferencias de opinión = shades of opinion.
    * diferencias de precio = differential pricing.
    * diferencias de sexo = gender.
    * diferencia significativa = significant difference.
    * diferencias insalvables = irreconcilable differences.
    * diferencia social = social gap.
    * eliminar diferencias = flatten out + differences.
    * eliminar las diferencias = iron out + differences.
    * establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * haber muchísima diferencia = be in a different league.
    * hacer frente a las diferencias = face + differences.
    * indicar diferencias = point out + differences, note + difference, point to + differences.
    * insensible a las diferencias de género = gender blind.
    * limar las diferencias = iron out + differences, flatten out + differences.
    * marcar la diferencia = make + the difference, make + a difference, spell + the difference.
    * mostrar las diferencias = turn up + differences.
    * muy a diferencia de = in marked contrast to/with.
    * nadie notaría la diferencia = no one would be the wiser.
    * Número + años de diferencia = Número + year gap.
    * paliar las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the gulf.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * rectificar la diferencia = redress + imbalance, redress + the balance.
    * reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.
    * reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.
    * representar la diferencia entre... y = represent + the difference between... and.
    * resolver las diferencias = iron out + differences, resolve + Posesivo + differences, settling of differences, flatten out + differences, flush out + differences, settle + Posesivo + differences.
    * resolver una diferencia = negotiate + difference.
    * respetar una diferencia = observe + difference.
    * respeto a la diferencia = respect to differences.
    * sacar a relucir diferencias = turn up + differences.
    * saldar las diferencias = iron out + differences.
    * señalar diferencias = point out + differences, note + difference, point to + differences.
    * significar la diferencia entre... y = mean + the difference between... and.
    * sin diferencias = undifferentiated.
    * sin que se note la diferencia = seamlessly.
    * suponer la diferencia entre el éxito o el fracaso = make or break.
    * suponer una diferencia sobre = move + one away from.
    * tener sus diferencias = have + their differences.
    * * *
    1) ( disparidad) difference

    a diferencia del marido, ella es encantadora — unlike her husband, she's really charming

    con diferencia: es, con diferencia, la mejor — she's easily o by far the best

    2) ( desacuerdo) difference
    3) ( resto) difference
    * * *
    = difference, discrepancy, distinction, distinguishability, mismatch, gap, dissimilarity, point of difference, differential, fault line, disconnect, diff.

    Ex: Some concepts are described differently in different versions of one language.

    Ex: Reshelving by users could explain the discrepancy.
    Ex: Variations in the extent of the description between a set of entries account to a large extent for the distinction between main, added and unit entries.
    Ex: In this article, the notion of distinguishability is used to measure the degree to which two values of an attribute are dissimilar.
    Ex: The electron microscope is a clear case of extreme mismatch between the number of citations received and the impact of the instrument in a wide area of science.
    Ex: The gap between what private and public institutions charge means that private schools are at a big disadvantage in recruiting students.
    Ex: No significant study has investigated similarities and dissimilarities betwee these two types of reviewing journal.
    Ex: Some points of difference with Canadian practices, especially as regards staffing, are noted.
    Ex: The gap between people who have the resources to access digital information and those who do not have these resources, the so-called 'digital divide', includes a differential in information literacy skills = La diferencia entre la gente que dispone de los recursos para acceder a la información digital y los que no, denominada "brecha digital", supone también una diferencia en las destrezas relacionadas con la alfabetización informacional.
    Ex: These views underlie the fault line that divides British politics today.
    Ex: The disconnect is about how the two groups view each other.
    Ex: There are some diffs between the free version and the full version.
    * acortar las diferencias = close + the gap.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.
    * aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.
    * con diferencia = by far.
    * confundir las diferencias entre = blur + the boundaries between.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * contrato basado en las diferencias de género = gender contract.
    * con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.
    * desaparecer las diferencias = blur + distinctions, blur + the lines between, blur + the boundaries between.
    * desaparición de las diferencias = blurring of differences, blurring of roles, blurring of boundaries.
    * desaparición de las diferencias entre = blurring of distinctions between.
    * desdibujar las diferencias = blur + distinctions, blur + the boundaries between.
    * detectar una diferencia = detect + difference.
    * diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * diferencia cultural = cultural difference.
    * diferencia debida al género = gender gap.
    * diferencia debida al sexo = gender gap.
    * diferencia de género = gender difference.
    * diferencia de horario = time differences.
    * diferencia de opinión (sobre) = difference of opinion (on).
    * diferencia de precio = price differential.
    * diferencia de precios = price differentiation.
    * diferencia de retribución entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay gap.
    * diferencia de sexo = gender difference.
    * diferencia entre... y... es mínima = line between... and... is thin.
    * diferencia generacional = generation gap.
    * diferencia horaria = time differences.
    * diferencia lingüística = language difference.
    * diferencia lógica = logical difference.
    * diferencia salarial = pay inequality.
    * diferencias de opinión = shades of opinion.
    * diferencias de precio = differential pricing.
    * diferencias de sexo = gender.
    * diferencia significativa = significant difference.
    * diferencias insalvables = irreconcilable differences.
    * diferencia social = social gap.
    * eliminar diferencias = flatten out + differences.
    * eliminar las diferencias = iron out + differences.
    * establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * haber muchísima diferencia = be in a different league.
    * hacer frente a las diferencias = face + differences.
    * indicar diferencias = point out + differences, note + difference, point to + differences.
    * insensible a las diferencias de género = gender blind.
    * limar las diferencias = iron out + differences, flatten out + differences.
    * marcar la diferencia = make + the difference, make + a difference, spell + the difference.
    * mostrar las diferencias = turn up + differences.
    * muy a diferencia de = in marked contrast to/with.
    * nadie notaría la diferencia = no one would be the wiser.
    * Número + años de diferencia = Número + year gap.
    * paliar las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the gulf.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * rectificar la diferencia = redress + imbalance, redress + the balance.
    * reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.
    * reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.
    * representar la diferencia entre... y = represent + the difference between... and.
    * resolver las diferencias = iron out + differences, resolve + Posesivo + differences, settling of differences, flatten out + differences, flush out + differences, settle + Posesivo + differences.
    * resolver una diferencia = negotiate + difference.
    * respetar una diferencia = observe + difference.
    * respeto a la diferencia = respect to differences.
    * sacar a relucir diferencias = turn up + differences.
    * saldar las diferencias = iron out + differences.
    * señalar diferencias = point out + differences, note + difference, point to + differences.
    * significar la diferencia entre... y = mean + the difference between... and.
    * sin diferencias = undifferentiated.
    * sin que se note la diferencia = seamlessly.
    * suponer la diferencia entre el éxito o el fracaso = make or break.
    * suponer una diferencia sobre = move + one away from.
    * tener sus diferencias = have + their differences.

    * * *
    A (disparidad) difference
    la diferencia de edad entre ellos the age difference o age gap between them
    salieron con una diferencia de pocos minutos they left a few minutes apart
    a diferencia del marido, ella es encantadora unlike her husband, she's really charming
    es un hombre alegre, a diferencia de su antecesor que … he is a cheerful man, in contrast to o unlike his predecessor who …
    cagarse or sentarse en la diferencia ( vulg CS): ¿$20 en vez de $19,99? ¡me cago en la diferencia! ( vulg); $20 instead of $19.99? big difference! o big deal! o that's a hell of a difference! ( iro)
    antes me importaba mucho pero ahora me siento en la diferencia it used to bother me a lot, but now I couldn't give a damn o I couldn't care less ( colloq)
    con diferencia: es, con diferencia, la más inteligente de las dos hermanas she's easily o far and away o by far the more intelligent of the two sisters, she's the more intelligent of the two sisters by a long way o by far
    este restaurante es mucho mejor, y con diferencia this restaurant's better by far o by a long way
    Compuesto:
    time difference
    B (desacuerdo) difference
    se reunieron para tratar de resolver or saldar sus diferencias they met to try to resolve their differences
    C (resto) difference
    dame el dinero que tienes y yo pagaré la diferencia give me the money you have and I'll pay the difference o the remainder o the rest
    * * *

     

    Del verbo diferenciar: ( conjugate diferenciar)

    diferencia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    diferencia    
    diferenciar
    diferencia sustantivo femenino


    a diferencia del marido, ella es encantadora unlike her husband, she's really charming



    resolver sus (or mis etc) diferencias to resolve one's differences


    diferenciar ( conjugate diferenciar) verbo transitivo ‹colores/sonidos› to tell the difference between, differentiate between
    diferenciarse verbo pronominal:
    ◊ ¿en qué se diferencia esta especie? what makes this species different?;

    no se diferencian en nada there's no difference between them;
    diferenciase de algo/algn to differ from sth/sb;
    solo se diferencia del otro en or por el precio the only difference between this one and the other one is the price
    diferencia sustantivo femenino difference
    ♦ Locuciones: a diferencia de, unlike
    con diferencia, by far: su hermana es la más simpática con diferencia, his sister is the nicer (de dos) o nicest (de más de dos) by far
    diferenciar verbo transitivo
    1 (saber discernir) to distinguish, tell the difference: no diferencia la seda del algodón, she can't tell the difference between silk and cotton
    2 (hacer distinto) to differentiate: eso es lo que nos diferencia, that's what makes us different

    ' diferencia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abismal
    - cada
    - caja
    - cerrarse
    - diferenciar
    - discrepancia
    - distinguir
    - economía
    - error
    - fundamental
    - ganarse
    - haber
    - hablarse
    - llevar
    - llevarse
    - notable
    - piso
    - poder
    - política
    - resaltar
    - salario
    - salto
    - sensible
    - sutil
    - tarde
    - variante
    - acentuado
    - cambio
    - desigualdad
    - desnivel
    - distinción
    - mínimo
    - pequeño
    - tremendo
    English:
    appreciable
    - art
    - by
    - change
    - difference
    - discrepancy
    - distinction
    - gap
    - hate
    - insignificant
    - material
    - misunderstanding
    - now
    - opposed
    - out
    - settle
    - sharp
    - study
    - tell
    - unlike
    - up
    - within
    - world
    - yawning
    - compare
    - quite
    * * *
    1. [disimilitud] difference (con/entre from/between);
    el problema de esa pareja es la diferencia de edad that couple's problem is the difference in their ages;
    la diferencia está en que tú eres hombre the difference is that you're a man;
    establecer o [m5] hacer una diferencia entre to make a distinction between
    2. [desacuerdo] difference;
    tuvieron sus diferencias they had their differences;
    limar diferencias to settle one's differences
    3. [en suma, resta] difference ( entre between);
    tendremos que pagar la diferencia we'll have to pay the difference
    diferencia horaria time difference; Elec diferencia de potencial potential difference;
    diferencia salarial wage o pay differential
    * * *
    f
    1 difference;
    hay una diferencia como del día a la noche it’s like the difference between night and day;
    con diferencia fig by a long way
    2
    :
    diferencias pl ( desacuerdo) differences
    * * *
    1) : difference
    2)
    a diferencia de : unlike, in contrast to
    * * *
    diferencia n difference
    ¿qué diferencia hay entre los dos coches? what's the difference between the two cars?

    Spanish-English dictionary > diferencia

  • 14 educación

    f.
    1 education, breeding, background, bringing-up.
    2 education, refinement, culture, politeness.
    * * *
    1 (preparación) education
    2 (crianza) upbringing, breeding
    3 (modales) manners plural, politeness
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [en el colegio] education

    educación preescolar — pre-school education, nursery education

    Educación Secundaria Obligatoria — Esp secondary education, for 12- to 16-year-olds

    2) [en familia] upbringing

    Rosa recibió una educación muy estricta — Rosa had a very strict upbringing, Rosa was very strictly brought up

    3) (=modales) manners pl, good behavior (EEUU)

    • buena educación — good manners pl

    • con educación, se lo pedí con educación — I asked her politely

    • falta de educación, eso es una falta de educación — that's rude

    ¡qué falta de educación! — how rude!

    • mala educación — bad manners pl

    4) [de voz, oído, animal] training
    * * *
    1) ( enseñanza) education; ( para la convivencia) upbringing
    2) ( modales) manners (pl)

    es una falta de educación — it's rude, it's bad manners

    * * *
    = education, instruction, manner, schooling, civility, decency, upbringing.
    Ex. The social sciences class, 300, subsumes Economics, Politics, Law and education.
    Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex. But there was no trace of sinisterness in Balzac's manner.
    Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex. Matters of civility rather than criminality are the focus of the discussion.
    Ex. He has a decency and character that is both enviable and especially rare in today's world of expediency and self-service.
    Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    ----
    * ALISE (Asociación para la Educación en Biblioteconomía y Documentación) = ALISE (Association for Library and Information Science Education).
    * ampliar la educación de uno = extend + Posesivo + education.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * centro de educación de adultos = adult learning centre, adult learner centre.
    * centro de educación infantil = early education centre.
    * centro de educación sanitaria = consumer health centre, consumer health information centre.
    * ciencias de la educación = educational science.
    * clase de educación de adultos = adult learning class, adult learner class.
    * clase de educación especial = special education class.
    * clase de educación física = physical education class.
    * delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).
    * Educación a Distancia = distance education, Open College.
    * educación agrícola = agricultural education.
    * educación bibliotecaria = library education.
    * educación bilingüe = bilingual education, bilingual education.
    * educación cívica = civic education, civic responsibility, civics.
    * educación compensatoria = remedial education.
    * educación de adultos = adult education, literacy tutoring.
    * educación de apoyo = remedial education.
    * educación de consumidores = consumer education.
    * educación familiar = upbringing.
    * educación física = physical education, P.E. (Physical Education).
    * educación liberal = liberal education.
    * educación literaria = literary education.
    * educación medioambiental = environmental education.
    * educación para la salud = health education, consumer health information, consumer health education.
    * educación personal = independent education.
    * educación sanitaria = health education, consumer health information, consumer health education.
    * educación secundaria = secondary education.
    * educación sexual = sex education.
    * educación superior = higher education.
    * educación universitaria = college-trained.
    * Espacio Europeo para la Educación Superior (EEES) = European Space for Higher Education (ESHE).
    * estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.
    * facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.
    * falta de educación = impoliteness.
    * información sobre educación = education information.
    * institución de educación pública = public education institution.
    * investigación en educación = educational research.
    * mala educación = impoliteness.
    * mercado de la educación = education market, educational market.
    * Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.
    * Ministro de Educación, el = Education Secretary, the.
    * profesional de la educación = educational professional.
    * profesor de educación básica = school teacher.
    * relacionado con la educación = education-related.
    * sicología de la educación = educational psychology, psychology of education.
    * sicólogo de la educación = educational psychologist.
    * Tesauro Británico de Educación = British Educational Thesaurus (BET).
    * universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.
    * * *
    1) ( enseñanza) education; ( para la convivencia) upbringing
    2) ( modales) manners (pl)

    es una falta de educación — it's rude, it's bad manners

    * * *
    = education, instruction, manner, schooling, civility, decency, upbringing.

    Ex: The social sciences class, 300, subsumes Economics, Politics, Law and education.

    Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex: But there was no trace of sinisterness in Balzac's manner.
    Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex: Matters of civility rather than criminality are the focus of the discussion.
    Ex: He has a decency and character that is both enviable and especially rare in today's world of expediency and self-service.
    Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    * ALISE (Asociación para la Educación en Biblioteconomía y Documentación) = ALISE (Association for Library and Information Science Education).
    * ampliar la educación de uno = extend + Posesivo + education.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * centro de educación de adultos = adult learning centre, adult learner centre.
    * centro de educación infantil = early education centre.
    * centro de educación sanitaria = consumer health centre, consumer health information centre.
    * ciencias de la educación = educational science.
    * clase de educación de adultos = adult learning class, adult learner class.
    * clase de educación especial = special education class.
    * clase de educación física = physical education class.
    * delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).
    * Educación a Distancia = distance education, Open College.
    * educación agrícola = agricultural education.
    * educación bibliotecaria = library education.
    * educación bilingüe = bilingual education, bilingual education.
    * educación cívica = civic education, civic responsibility, civics.
    * educación compensatoria = remedial education.
    * educación de adultos = adult education, literacy tutoring.
    * educación de apoyo = remedial education.
    * educación de consumidores = consumer education.
    * educación familiar = upbringing.
    * educación física = physical education, P.E. (Physical Education).
    * educación liberal = liberal education.
    * educación literaria = literary education.
    * educación medioambiental = environmental education.
    * educación para la salud = health education, consumer health information, consumer health education.
    * educación personal = independent education.
    * educación sanitaria = health education, consumer health information, consumer health education.
    * educación secundaria = secondary education.
    * educación sexual = sex education.
    * educación superior = higher education.
    * educación universitaria = college-trained.
    * Espacio Europeo para la Educación Superior (EEES) = European Space for Higher Education (ESHE).
    * estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.
    * facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.
    * falta de educación = impoliteness.
    * información sobre educación = education information.
    * institución de educación pública = public education institution.
    * investigación en educación = educational research.
    * mala educación = impoliteness.
    * mercado de la educación = education market, educational market.
    * Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.
    * Ministro de Educación, el = Education Secretary, the.
    * profesional de la educación = educational professional.
    * profesor de educación básica = school teacher.
    * relacionado con la educación = education-related.
    * sicología de la educación = educational psychology, psychology of education.
    * sicólogo de la educación = educational psychologist.
    * Tesauro Británico de Educación = British Educational Thesaurus (BET).
    * universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Educ) (enseñanza) education
    no recibió ningún tipo de educación formal he had no formal education whatsoever
    Compuestos:
    correspondence courses (pl), distance learning
    special education, education for children with special needs
    state education
    physical education
    (en Esp) ≈ primary education
    (en Esp) ≈ preschool education educación infantil (↑ educación a1)
    preschool education, nursery education ( BrE)
    primary education Primaria (↑ primario a1)
    private education
    secondary education
    sex education
    higher education
    university education, college education ( AmE)
    ( AmS) careers guidance
    B (modales) manners (pl)
    no tiene educación he has no manners
    es una falta de educación hablar con la boca llena it's rude o it's bad manners to talk with your mouth full
    * * *

     

    educación sustantivo femenino
    1 ( enseñanza) education;
    ( para la convivencia) upbringing;

    educación física physical education;
    educación general básica ( en Esp) primary education;
    educación para adultos adult education;
    educación primaria/secundaria/superior primary/secondary/higher education;
    educación universitaria university education, college education (AmE);
    educación vocacional (AmS) careers guidance
    2 ( modales) manners (pl);
    ◊ es una falta de educación it's rude, it's bad manners

    educación sustantivo femenino
    1 education
    2 (crianza) upbringing: su tía se hizo cargo de su educación, his aunt took care of his upbringing
    3 (urbanidad, cortesía) compórtate con educación, be polite
    no hagas eso, es una falta de educación, don't do that, it's rude
    ' educación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    benéfica
    - benéfico
    - confiar
    - desdecir
    - EGB
    - estudio
    - finura
    - incorrección
    - instrucción
    - mayor
    - mejorar
    - ministerio
    - preescolar
    - regla
    - rozar
    - transparentarse
    - UNED
    - bachillerato
    - barniz
    - ciencia
    - considerar
    - denotar
    - distancia
    - enseñanza
    - falta
    - formación
    - mixto
    - preparación
    - rigidez
    - rígido
    - sexual
    English:
    abide
    - adult
    - background
    - battlefield
    - bear
    - breeding
    - courtesy
    - decency
    - education
    - exempt
    - game
    - manner
    - PE
    - physical education
    - politely
    - politeness
    - precedence
    - rounded
    - rub off
    - schooling
    - sex education
    - sphere
    - step down
    - tertiary
    - upbringing
    - adult education
    - ill
    - learning
    - physical
    - point
    - polite
    - rudeness
    - sex
    - uneducated
    - up
    * * *
    1. [enseñanza] education;
    quieren educación de calidad para sus hijos they want high-quality education for their children;
    el Ministerio de Educación the Ministry of Education
    educación de adultos adult education;
    educación ambiental environmental education;
    educación a distancia distance education;
    educación escolar schooling;
    educación especial special education;
    educación física physical education;
    Antes educación general básica = stage of Spanish education system for pupils aged 6-14;
    educación infantil infant education;
    educación obligatoria compulsory education;
    educación preescolar preschool education;
    educación primaria primary education;
    educación secundaria secondary education;
    Educación Secundaria Obligatoria = mainstream secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 12-16;
    educación sexual sex education;
    educación superior higher education;
    educación vial road safety education
    2. [crianza] upbringing, rearing
    3. [modales] good manners;
    no tienes ninguna educación you have no manners;
    ¡qué poca educación! how rude!;
    ¡un poco de educación! do you mind!;
    mala educación bad manners;
    es una falta de educación, es de mala educación it's bad manners;
    * * *
    f
    1 ( crianza) upbringing
    2 ( modales) manners pl ;
    con mucha educación persona extremely polite; pedir extremely politely;
    no tener educación have no manners
    * * *
    educación nf, pl - ciones
    1) enseñanza: education
    2) : manners pl
    ♦ educacional adj
    * * *
    1. (formación) education
    2. (crianza) upbringing
    3. (modales) manners
    es de mala educación it's bad manners / it's rude
    educación física physical education / games

    Spanish-English dictionary > educación

  • 15 en el caso de

    = for, in association with, in the case of, in the event of, in case of, in the context of
    Ex. For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.
    Ex. Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.
    Ex. The same thing happended in the case of the British refusal to go along with the American compromises in the last revision.
    Ex. In the event of a serious accident (a fire, deliberate destruction, or a computer error) nothing will happen to the records vital to the operation of the library.
    Ex. The induction course will give all the necessary employment details relating to such matters as the amount of leave entitlement, insurance stoppages, what to do in case of sickness, etc..
    Ex. The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.
    * * *
    = for, in association with, in the case of, in the event of, in case of, in the context of

    Ex: For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.

    Ex: Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.
    Ex: The same thing happended in the case of the British refusal to go along with the American compromises in the last revision.
    Ex: In the event of a serious accident (a fire, deliberate destruction, or a computer error) nothing will happen to the records vital to the operation of the library.
    Ex: The induction course will give all the necessary employment details relating to such matters as the amount of leave entitlement, insurance stoppages, what to do in case of sickness, etc..
    Ex: The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en el caso de

  • 16 estar de acuerdo con

    (v.) = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with
    Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.
    Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex. The same thing happended in the case of the British refusal to go along with the American compromises in the last revision.
    Ex. The data has to be tested to fit with other models.
    Ex. These results are in conformity with the findings of most past studies.
    Ex. How much do we know about information-seeking behaviors in the digital age and how well e-reference services mesh with users' expectations?.
    Ex. Although there is consensus on the priority of some strategies, execs from different departments don't see eye to eye on many others.
    Ex. For the most part my experiences jived with the authors commentary.
    * * *
    (v.) = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with

    Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

    Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex: The same thing happended in the case of the British refusal to go along with the American compromises in the last revision.
    Ex: The data has to be tested to fit with other models.
    Ex: These results are in conformity with the findings of most past studies.
    Ex: How much do we know about information-seeking behaviors in the digital age and how well e-reference services mesh with users' expectations?.
    Ex: Although there is consensus on the priority of some strategies, execs from different departments don't see eye to eye on many others.
    Ex: For the most part my experiences jived with the authors commentary.

    Spanish-English dictionary > estar de acuerdo con

  • 17 experimentar

    v.
    1 to experience.
    experimentar frío/calor to feel cold/hot
    las temperaturas experimentarán un leve ascenso/descenso we will see a slight rise/fall in temperatures
    Se nos operó una transformación We experienced a transformation.
    2 to test.
    3 to experiment, to test, to noodle around, to test out.
    * * *
    1 (hacer experimentos) to experiment, test
    2 (probar) to test, try out
    3 (sentir, notar) to experience, feel; (- cambio) to undergo; (- aumento) to show; (- pérdida, derrota) to suffer
    \
    experimentar una mejoría to improve, make progress
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ método, producto] to test, try out
    2) (=notar) [+ cambio] to experience, go through; [+ pérdida, deterioro] to suffer; [+ aumento] to show; [+ sensación] to feel

    las cifras han experimentado un aumento de un 5 por 100 — the figures show an increase of 5%

    2.
    VI to experiment ( con with) (en on)
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    2.
    1) ( probar) to try out, experiment with
    2)
    a) < sensación> to experience, feel; <tristeza/alegría> to feel
    b) ( sufrir) < cambio> to undergo
    * * *
    = experience, experiment, institute + experiments, pass through, suffer, undergo, prototype, mess with, feel, go through.
    Ex. If facilities like these are not supported by the data base design, the users of the system will experience slow response times.
    Ex. We need not abandon our professional library studies programs, but we must also be willing to experiment with future oriented programs and structures at the same time.
    Ex. In an open-planned building designed flexibly to cater for adaptations, the librarian is not inhibited for making changes or instituting experiments.
    Ex. The scheme has passed through nineteen editions.
    Ex. Since the introduction of computer-based indexing systems alphabetical indexing languages have become more prevalent, and UDC has suffered a reduction in use.
    Ex. Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.
    Ex. The electronic book (e-book) is already available commercially in Japan, and a British company is currently prototyping a handwriting recognition notepad.
    Ex. Once music is digitized you can filter it, bend it, archive it, rearrange it, remix it, mess with it.
    Ex. Public libraries, especially in New York City, are feeling severe budget crunches, because we really haven't been relevant to people and, therefore, nobody uses us = Las bibliotecas públicas, especialmente de la ciudad de Nueva York, están sufriendo graves recortes presupuestarios debido a que la gente no nos ha encontrado necesarios y, por lo tanto, nadie nos utiliza.
    Ex. A shock of resistance and antagonism went through Zachary Ponder.
    ----
    * experimentar recortes = suffer + cuts.
    * experimentar una revolución = enter + a revolution.
    * experimentar una subida = experience + rise.
    * experimentar una transformación = undergo + transformation.
    * experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.
    * experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.
    * experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.
    * experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.
    * experimentar un crecimiento = experience + growth.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    2.
    1) ( probar) to try out, experiment with
    2)
    a) < sensación> to experience, feel; <tristeza/alegría> to feel
    b) ( sufrir) < cambio> to undergo
    * * *
    = experience, experiment, institute + experiments, pass through, suffer, undergo, prototype, mess with, feel, go through.

    Ex: If facilities like these are not supported by the data base design, the users of the system will experience slow response times.

    Ex: We need not abandon our professional library studies programs, but we must also be willing to experiment with future oriented programs and structures at the same time.
    Ex: In an open-planned building designed flexibly to cater for adaptations, the librarian is not inhibited for making changes or instituting experiments.
    Ex: The scheme has passed through nineteen editions.
    Ex: Since the introduction of computer-based indexing systems alphabetical indexing languages have become more prevalent, and UDC has suffered a reduction in use.
    Ex: Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.
    Ex: The electronic book (e-book) is already available commercially in Japan, and a British company is currently prototyping a handwriting recognition notepad.
    Ex: Once music is digitized you can filter it, bend it, archive it, rearrange it, remix it, mess with it.
    Ex: Public libraries, especially in New York City, are feeling severe budget crunches, because we really haven't been relevant to people and, therefore, nobody uses us = Las bibliotecas públicas, especialmente de la ciudad de Nueva York, están sufriendo graves recortes presupuestarios debido a que la gente no nos ha encontrado necesarios y, por lo tanto, nadie nos utiliza.
    Ex: A shock of resistance and antagonism went through Zachary Ponder.
    * experimentar recortes = suffer + cuts.
    * experimentar una revolución = enter + a revolution.
    * experimentar una subida = experience + rise.
    * experimentar una transformación = undergo + transformation.
    * experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.
    * experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.
    * experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.
    * experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.
    * experimentar un crecimiento = experience + growth.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.

    * * *
    vi
    experimentar CON algo to experiment ON sth, carry out experiments ON sth
    ■ experimentar
    vt
    A (probar) to try out, experiment with
    B
    1 ‹sensación› to experience, feel; ‹tristeza/alegría› to feel
    2 (sufrir) ‹cambio› to undergo
    la inflación ha experimentado un descenso/alza de tres puntos inflation has dropped/risen three points
    su estado ha experimentado una ligera mejoría his condition has improved slightly, his condition has shown o undergone a slight improvement
    experimentaron serias dificultades they experienced o suffered o had serious difficulties
    la situación no ha experimentado variación alguna there has been no change in the situation
    * * *

     

    experimentar ( conjugate experimentar) verbo intransitivo experimentar con algo to experiment on o with sth
    verbo transitivo

    ‹tristeza/alegría› to feel
    b) ( sufrir) ‹ cambio› to undergo;


    experimentar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una sensación) to experience, feel: cuando la cuerda se rompió, experimentó un miedo abrumador, when the rope broke, he felt overwhelming fear
    2 (un cambio) to undergo
    Med experimentar una mejora, to improve
    II verbo intransitivo (hacer experimentos) to experiment [con, with]
    ' experimentar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pasar
    English:
    experience
    - experiment
    - get off on
    - go through
    - undergo
    - drop
    - grow
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [sensación, sentimiento, efecto] to experience;
    experimentar frío/calor to feel cold/hot;
    experimenté una gran tristeza I felt a great sadness
    2. [derrota, pérdidas] to suffer;
    [cambios, empeoramiento] to undergo, to suffer; [mejoría] to undergo, to experience;
    las temperaturas experimentarán un leve ascenso/descenso we will see a slight rise/fall in temperatures
    3. [probar] to test;
    [hacer experimentos con] to experiment with o on
    ♦ vi
    experimentar con to experiment with o on
    * * *
    I v/t try out, experiment with
    II v/i experiment ( con on)
    * * *
    : to experiment
    1) : to experiment with, to test out
    2) : to experience
    * * *
    1. (hacer experimentos) to experiment
    2. (probar) to test
    3. (sentir) to feel [pt. & pp. felt]
    4. (sufrir un cambio) to undergo [pt. underwent; pp. undergone]

    Spanish-English dictionary > experimentar

  • 18 impasibilidad

    f.
    impassivity.
    * * *
    1 impassiveness
    * * *
    SF impassiveness, impassivity

    le golpeó en el rostro ante la impasibilidad de todos los que pasaban por allí — he hit her in the face and no-one passing by took any notice

    * * *
    femenino impassivity
    * * *
    = impassivity, stiff upper lip.
    Ex. The most significant conclusion drawn was the librarian's impassivity in their day to day interactions with users.
    Ex. The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.
    ----
    * con impasibilidad = impassively.
    * * *
    femenino impassivity
    * * *
    = impassivity, stiff upper lip.

    Ex: The most significant conclusion drawn was the librarian's impassivity in their day to day interactions with users.

    Ex: The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.
    * con impasibilidad = impassively.

    * * *
    impassivity
    * * *
    impassivity
    * * *
    f impassivity

    Spanish-English dictionary > impasibilidad

  • 19 inmutabilidad

    f.
    immutability.
    * * *
    1 immutability
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino immutability
    * * *
    Ex. The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.
    * * *
    femenino immutability
    * * *

    Ex: The British stiff upper lip is even more in evidence in countless war films, especially those set during World War II.

    * * *
    immutability
    * * *
    immutability
    * * *
    : immutability

    Spanish-English dictionary > inmutabilidad

  • 20 práctico

    adj.
    1 practical, no-nonsense, down-to-earth, matter-of-fact.
    2 practical, handy, helpful, useful.
    m.
    1 coast pilot.
    2 practitioner.
    * * *
    1 (gen) practical
    2 (hábil) skilful (US skillful)
    3 (pragmático) practical
    1 MARÍTIMO pilot
    ————————
    1 MARÍTIMO pilot
    * * *
    (f. - práctica)
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=útil) [gen] practical; [herramienta] handy; [ropa] sensible, practical

    resulta práctico vivir tan cerca de la fábrica — it's convenient o handy to live so close to the factory

    2) (=no teórico) [estudio, formación] practical
    3) (=pragmático)

    sé práctico y búscate un trabajo que dé dinero — be practical o sensible and find a job with money

    4) frm (=experto)

    ser muy práctico en algo — to be very skilled at sth, be an expert at sth

    2. SM
    1) (Náut) pilot ( in a port)
    2) (Med) practitioner
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <envase/cuchillo> useful, handy; <falda/diseño> practical

    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra — it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2) ( no teórico) practical
    3) < persona> [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    II
    masculino y femenino (Náut) pilot
    * * *
    = workable, hands-on, practical, utilitarian, instrumental, working, down-to-earth, practice-oriented, hardheaded [hard-headed], serviceable, how-to, experiential, practically minded, worldly [worldlier -comp., worldliest -sup.], matter-of-fact.
    Ex. The type of environment in which the principles of pre-coordination are workable are restricted by the acceptable bulk or length of index headings.
    Ex. As an aid to evaluation, hands-on practical work is rarely cost effective, even in undertaken by inexperienced staff.
    Ex. Yet, in its own way, the press was taking the lead in putting pressure on the Community to adopt a more practical outlook, and by so doing kept the subject alive in the minds of the public.
    Ex. Descriptive bibliography has long been acknowledged as one primary field of bibliographical activity and greeted especially warmly by those who wish to see a strictly utilitarian end for these studies.
    Ex. There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.
    Ex. As they grow up, children have to develop an identity and a working philosophy of life.
    Ex. The report gives a down-to-earth account of the way in which membership of the European Community has materially affected major British industries.
    Ex. This paper describes a computerised index of the articles contained in 6 practice-oriented medical periodicals.
    Ex. Managers should be encouraged to raise critical questions, and the criteria for evaluating progress must be as hardheaded as possible.
    Ex. He provided us with this very serviceable definition: 'Bibliographical control is the development and maintenance of a system of adequate recording of all forms of material published and unpublished, printed, audio-visual or otherwise, which add to the sum of human knowledge and information'.
    Ex. In addition, adult education in general has moved from an emphasis on the liberal arts to a concentration on practical, 'how-to' courses.
    Ex. This necessitates the sharing of experiential knowledge at various levels and in various forms.
    Ex. He is practically minded, not taking unnecessary risks or deliberately hurting his victims if nothing is to be gained.
    Ex. There exist sets of duality in this philosophy; body versus soul, worldly versus unworldly and life versus salvation.
    Ex. The videotape of the interviews showed the offender to be impassive and matter-of-fact in describing what he had done.
    ----
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * caso práctico = case.
    * casos prácticos = best practices.
    * consejo práctico = tip.
    * con una mente práctica = practically minded.
    * cuestión práctica = practicality.
    * de un modo práctico = practically.
    * ejercicio práctico = practical, practical exercise.
    * escritor de casos prácticos = case writer [case-writer].
    * examen práctico = practical examination.
    * experiencia práctica = field experience, hands on experience, practical experience.
    * guía práctica = working guide.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * supuesto práctico = case.
    * trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <envase/cuchillo> useful, handy; <falda/diseño> practical

    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra — it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2) ( no teórico) practical
    3) < persona> [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    II
    masculino y femenino (Náut) pilot
    * * *
    = workable, hands-on, practical, utilitarian, instrumental, working, down-to-earth, practice-oriented, hardheaded [hard-headed], serviceable, how-to, experiential, practically minded, worldly [worldlier -comp., worldliest -sup.], matter-of-fact.

    Ex: The type of environment in which the principles of pre-coordination are workable are restricted by the acceptable bulk or length of index headings.

    Ex: As an aid to evaluation, hands-on practical work is rarely cost effective, even in undertaken by inexperienced staff.
    Ex: Yet, in its own way, the press was taking the lead in putting pressure on the Community to adopt a more practical outlook, and by so doing kept the subject alive in the minds of the public.
    Ex: Descriptive bibliography has long been acknowledged as one primary field of bibliographical activity and greeted especially warmly by those who wish to see a strictly utilitarian end for these studies.
    Ex: There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.
    Ex: As they grow up, children have to develop an identity and a working philosophy of life.
    Ex: The report gives a down-to-earth account of the way in which membership of the European Community has materially affected major British industries.
    Ex: This paper describes a computerised index of the articles contained in 6 practice-oriented medical periodicals.
    Ex: Managers should be encouraged to raise critical questions, and the criteria for evaluating progress must be as hardheaded as possible.
    Ex: He provided us with this very serviceable definition: 'Bibliographical control is the development and maintenance of a system of adequate recording of all forms of material published and unpublished, printed, audio-visual or otherwise, which add to the sum of human knowledge and information'.
    Ex: In addition, adult education in general has moved from an emphasis on the liberal arts to a concentration on practical, 'how-to' courses.
    Ex: This necessitates the sharing of experiential knowledge at various levels and in various forms.
    Ex: He is practically minded, not taking unnecessary risks or deliberately hurting his victims if nothing is to be gained.
    Ex: There exist sets of duality in this philosophy; body versus soul, worldly versus unworldly and life versus salvation.
    Ex: The videotape of the interviews showed the offender to be impassive and matter-of-fact in describing what he had done.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * caso práctico = case.
    * casos prácticos = best practices.
    * consejo práctico = tip.
    * con una mente práctica = practically minded.
    * cuestión práctica = practicality.
    * de un modo práctico = practically.
    * ejercicio práctico = practical, practical exercise.
    * escritor de casos prácticos = case writer [case-writer].
    * examen práctico = practical examination.
    * experiencia práctica = field experience, hands on experience, practical experience.
    * guía práctica = working guide.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * supuesto práctico = case.
    * trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.

    * * *
    práctico1 -ca
    A ‹envase/cuchillo› useful, handy; ‹falda/bolso› practical
    es un diseño muy práctico it's a very practical design
    regalémosle algo práctico let's give her something useful o practical
    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer las compras it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping
    B (no teórico) practical
    C ‹persona›
    1 [ SER] (desenvuelto) practical
    tiene gran sentido práctico she's very practically minded
    2 ( RPl) [ ESTAR] (experimentado) experienced
    cuando estés más práctica, te presto el auto when you're more experienced o when you've had more practice, I'll lend you the car
    ( Náut) pilot
    * * *

     

    Del verbo practicar: ( conjugate practicar)

    practico es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    practicó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    practicar    
    práctico
    practicar ( conjugate practicar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹idioma/pieza musical› to practice( conjugate practice);

    ‹ tenis› to play;

    no practica ningún deporte he doesn't play o do any sport(s)
    b) ‹ profesión› to practice( conjugate practice)

    2 (frml) (llevar a cabo, realizar) ‹corte/incisión› to make;
    ‹autopsia/operación› to perform, do;
    ‹redada/actividad› to carry out;
    ‹ detenciones› to make
    verbo intransitivo ( repetir) to practice( conjugate practice);
    ( ejercer) to practice( conjugate practice)
    práctico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1 ‹envase/cuchillo› useful, handy;
    ‹falda/diseño› practical;
    ◊ es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2 ( no teórico) practical
    3 ‹ persona› [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    practicar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una profesión) to practise, US practice
    2 (una actividad) to play, practise: deberías practicar el tenis más a menudo, you should play tennis more regularly
    3 (una operación, etc) to carry out, do, perform: tuvieron que practicarle una autopsia, they had to perform a post mortem on him
    4 Rel to practise
    II verbo intransitivo to practise: si quieres hablar bien el inglés, debes practicar más, if you want to speak good English, you must practise more ➣ Ver nota en practise
    práctico,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (un objeto) handy, useful
    2 (una persona, disciplina) practical
    II m Náut pilot
    ' práctico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ejercicio
    - práctica
    - realista
    - útil
    - utilitaria
    - utilitario
    - aplicación
    English:
    convenient
    - down-to-earth
    - exercise
    - handy
    - impractical
    - inconvenient
    - inconveniently
    - matter-of-fact
    - practical
    - practicality
    - sandwich course
    - sensible
    - serviceable
    - skilled
    - starry-eyed
    - tip
    - useful
    - down
    - hand
    - hard
    - matter
    - pilot
    - practically
    * * *
    práctico1, -a adj
    1. [objeto, situación] practical;
    [útil] handy, useful;
    un regalo práctico a practical gift;
    es muy práctico vivir cerca del centro it's very handy o convenient living near the centre
    2. [curso, conocimientos] practical;
    un curso práctico de fotografía a practical photography course;
    estudiaremos varios casos prácticos we will study a number of practical examples
    3. [persona] [pragmático] practical;
    es una persona muy práctica she's a very practical o pragmatic person
    4. [casi]
    la práctica desaparición de la variedad silvestre the virtual extinction of the wild variety
    5. RP [persona] [experimentado]
    estar práctico to be experienced, to have experience
    Náut pilot
    * * *
    I adj practical
    II m MAR pilot
    * * *
    práctico, -ca adj
    : practical, useful
    * * *
    1. (en general) practical
    2. (útil) handy [comp. handier; superl. handiest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > práctico

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